![]() He further gave two equivalent solutions to the general quadratic equationġ8.44. The solution given is equivalent to x = e − c / b − d. Which is a solution for the equation bx + c = dx + e where rupas refers to the constants c and e. The rupas are below that from which the square and the unknown are to be subtracted. The difference between rupas, when inverted and divided by the difference of the of the, is the unknown in the equation. The historian of science George Sarton called Brahmagupta "one of the greatest scientists of his race and the greatest of his time." Mathematics Algebra īrahmagupta gave the solution of the general linear equation in chapter eighteen of Brahmasphuṭasiddhānta, Indian astronomic material circulated widely for centuries, even passing into medieval Latin texts. Al-Khwarizmi also wrote his own version of Sindhind, drawing on Al-Fazari's version and incorporating Ptolemaic elements. Through these texts, the decimal number system and Brahmagupta's algorithms for arithmetic have spread throughout the world. The mathematician Al-Khwarizmi (800–850 CE) wrote a text called al-Jam wal-tafriq bi hisal-al-Hind (Addition and Subtraction in Indian Arithmetic), which was translated into Latin in the 13th century as Algorithmi de numero indorum. An immediate outcome was the spread of the decimal number system used in the texts. Brahmagupta's texts were translated into Arabic by Muhammad al-Fazari, an astronomer in Al-Mansur's court under the names Sindhind and Arakhand. The court of Caliph Al-Mansur (754–775) received an embassy from Sindh, including an astrologer called Kanaka, who brought (possibly memorised) astronomical texts, including those of Brahmagupta. The kingdom of Bhillamala seems to have been annihilated but Ujjain repulsed the attacks. Expeditions were sent into Gurjaradesa (" Al-Baylaman in Jurz", as per Arab historians). ![]() Ī few decades after the death of Brahmagupta, Sindh came under the Arab Caliphate in 712 CE. Further commentaries continued to be written into the 12th century. Lalla and Bhattotpala in the 8th and 9th centuries wrote commentaries on the Khanda-khadyaka. Prithudaka Svamin wrote commentaries on both of his works, rendering difficult verses into simpler language and adding illustrations.
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